{"id":80,"date":"2026-06-13T17:55:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/?p=80"},"modified":"2026-06-13T17:55:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:55:34","slug":"python3-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/2026\/06\/13\/python3-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97\/","title":{"rendered":"Python3 \u6a21\u5757"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Python 3 \u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u6a21\u5757\uff08Module\uff09<\/strong> \u548c <strong>\u5305\uff08Package\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u548c\u907f\u514d\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a <code>.py<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u4ece<strong>\u57fa\u7840\u5bfc\u5165\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u5305\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u5230<strong>\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406 Python 3 \u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001 \u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u7684 5 \u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684 <code>import<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u5bfc\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757 (<code>import module<\/code>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6700\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6c61\u67d3\u5f53\u524d\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">import math\nimport random\n\nprint(math.sqrt(16))       # \u5fc5\u987b\u5e26\u4e0a\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u524d\u7f00\nprint(random.randint(1, 10))<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u5bfc\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61 (<code>from module import name<\/code>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u6a21\u5757\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">from math import sqrt, pi\n\nprint(sqrt(16))  # \u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u65e0\u9700 math. \u524d\u7f00\nprint(pi)<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u540d\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f<strong>\u8986\u76d6<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u540d (<code>import ... as ...<\/code> \/ <code>from ... import ... as ...<\/code>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u8fc7\u957f\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b80\u5199\uff08\u4e1a\u754c\u60ef\u4f8b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">import numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nfrom datetime import datetime as dt\n\nnow = dt.now()<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5bfc\u5165\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u5bf9\u8c61 (<code>from module import *<\/code>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350<\/strong>\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf <code>_<\/code> \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5168\u90e8\u5bfc\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u9020\u6210\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e14\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u96be\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># \u274c \u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\nfrom os import * \nprint(path.join(&quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;)) # \u8bfb\u8005\u5f88\u96be\u77e5\u9053 path \u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u91cc<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u52a8\u6001\u5bfc\u5165 (<code>importlib<\/code>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u540d\u79f0\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">import importlib\n\nmodule_name = &quot;math&quot;\nmath_module = importlib.import_module(module_name)\nprint(math_module.ceil(3.14))  # \u8f93\u51fa: 4<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001 \u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\uff1a<code>__name__ == '__main__'<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f Python \u6a21\u5757\u4e2d<strong>\u6700\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\u7684\u60ef\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u662f<strong>\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f<strong>\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><span>11<\/span><span>12<\/span><span>13<\/span><span>14<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># file: my_script.py\n\ndef helper_function():\n    return &quot;I am a helper&quot;\n\ndef main():\n    print(&quot;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c...&quot;)\n    print(helper_function())\n\n# \ud83d\udc47 \u5173\u952e\u5224\u65ad\nif __name__ == &#039;__main__&#039;:\n    # \u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c `python my_script.py` \u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\n    # \u5982\u679c\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6 `import my_script`\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\n    main()<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5b83\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u7f16\u5199\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6216\u6267\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b89\u5168\u5bfc\u5165\uff08\u53ea\u5bfc\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\/\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001 \u5305 (Packages) \u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u9879\u76ee\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u5305<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6807\u51c6\u5305\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">my_project\/\n\u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 main.py                 # \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5165\u53e3\n\u2502\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 my_package\/             # \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305 (\u76ee\u5f55)\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py         # \u5305\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6 (Python 3.3+ \u53ef\u9009\uff0c\u4f46\u63a8\u8350\u4fdd\u7559)\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 utils.py            # \u6a21\u5757 1\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 database\/           # \u5b50\u5305 (\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55)\n        \u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 connector.py    # \u6a21\u5757 2<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <code>__init__.py<\/code> \u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6807\u8bc6\u5305<\/strong>\uff1a\u544a\u8bc9 Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63a7\u5236\u5bfc\u51fa<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>__all__<\/code> \u5217\u8868\uff0c\u9650\u5236 <code>from my_package import *<\/code> \u65f6\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u5316\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 <code>__init__.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u63d0\u524d\u5bfc\u5165\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5305\u7ea7\u522b\u5bfc\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">  # my_package\/__init__.py\n  from .utils import format_data  # \u63d0\u524d\u66b4\u9732\n\n  __all__ = [&quot;format_data&quot;]       # \u660e\u786e\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab * \u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u7edd\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5165 vs \u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5165<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7edd\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>\uff08\u63a8\u8350\uff09\uff1a\u4ece\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6216 <code>sys.path<\/code> \u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">  from my_package.database.connector import connect_db<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>.<\/code> (\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55) \u6216 <code>..<\/code> (\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55)\u3002<strong>\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5305\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519 (<code>ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package<\/code>)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">  # \u5728 my_package\/utils.py \u4e2d\n  from .database.connector import connect_db  # \u5bfc\u5165\u540c\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u5305\u6a21\u5757\n  from ..main import some_func                # \u5bfc\u5165\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001 \u6a21\u5757\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84 (<code>sys.path<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c <code>import xxx<\/code> \u65f6\uff0cPython \u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff08\u5982 <code>sys<\/code>, <code>math<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f53\u524d\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf <code>PYTHONPATH<\/code><\/strong> \u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Python \u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 <code>site-packages<\/code><\/strong>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7 <code>pip install<\/code> \u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 <code>sys<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u67e5\u770b\u6216\u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">import sys\nprint(sys.path)\n\n# \u4e34\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84 (\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f5c\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848)\nsys.path.append(&#039;\/path\/to\/my\/custom\/modules&#039;)<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001 Python 3 \u9ad8\u9891\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6a21\u5757\u63a8\u8350<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u638c\u63e1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3 80% \u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u9700\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u7c7b\u522b<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u63a8\u8350\u6a21\u5757<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>pathlib<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3 Python \u9996\u9009<\/strong>\u3002\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c (\u66ff\u4ee3\u8001\u65e7\u7684 <code>os.path<\/code>)\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>os<\/code>, <code>sys<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570 (<code>sys.argv<\/code>)\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f (<code>sys.exit<\/code>)\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>json<\/code>, <code>csv<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\/\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316 JSON \u548c CSV \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>datetime<\/code>, <code>zoneinfo<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002Python 3.9+ \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684 <code>zoneinfo<\/code> \u5904\u7406\u65f6\u533a\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>re<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>urllib<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u57fa\u7840 HTTP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef (\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u5efa\u8bae\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93 <code>requests<\/code> \u6216 <code>httpx<\/code>)\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>concurrent.futures<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u7b80\u5316\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b (<code>ThreadPoolExecutor<\/code>) \u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b (<code>ProcessPoolExecutor<\/code>) \u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><code>pathlib<\/code> \u73b0\u4ee3\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><span>11<\/span><span>12<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">from pathlib import Path\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9\u8c61\np = Path(&quot;my_folder\/data.txt&quot;)\n\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\nif p.exists():\n    # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6 (\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u5173\u95ed)\n    content = p.read_text(encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;)\n\n# \u62fc\u63a5\u8def\u5f84 (\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406 \/ \u548c \\)\nnew_p = p.parent \/ &quot;backup&quot; \/ p.name<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8b66\u60d5\u5faa\u73af\u5bfc\u5165 (Circular Import)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u73b0\u8c61<\/strong>\uff1a<code>A.py<\/code> \u5bfc\u5165 <code>B.py<\/code>\uff0c\u800c <code>B.py<\/code> \u53c8\u5bfc\u5165 <code>A.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 <code>ImportError<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u91cd\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757 <code>C.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c06 <code>import<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u79fb\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5<strong>\u5185\u90e8<\/strong>\uff08\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5bfc\u5165\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>import module<\/code> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f <code>from module import name<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883 (Virtual Environment)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u5168\u5c40 Python \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5305\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 <code>python -m venv venv<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7248\u672c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e3a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u6dfb\u52a0 Docstring \u548c Type Hints<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u5305\u542b\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408 <code>typing<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8ba9\u5bfc\u5165\u4f60\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7 IDE \u7684\u667a\u80fd\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">   &quot;&quot;&quot;\n   \u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u5177\u6a21\u5757\u3002\n   &quot;&quot;&quot;\n   def verify_token(token: str) -&gt; bool:\n       &quot;&quot;&quot;\u9a8c\u8bc1 JWT token \u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548&quot;&quot;&quot;\n       pass<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5305\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>requirements.txt<\/code> \u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684 <code>pyproject.toml<\/code> (\u914d\u5408 <code>pip<\/code>, <code>poetry<\/code>, <code>uv<\/code> \u7b49\u5de5\u5177) \u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u8bb0\u5f55\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u53ca\u5176\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55<strong>\u53d1\u5e03\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Python \u6a21\u5757\u5230 PyPI<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8 <strong><code>pathlib<\/code> \/ <code>concurrent.futures<\/code> \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 Python 3 \u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\uff08Module\uff09 \u548c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python-3-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions\/81"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}