{"id":78,"date":"2026-06-13T17:45:19","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:45:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/?p=78"},"modified":"2026-06-13T17:45:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:45:19","slug":"python3-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/2026\/06\/13\/python3-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84\/","title":{"rendered":"Python3 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Python 3 \u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4f18\u96c5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002Python \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u4ece<strong>\u56db\u5927\u57fa\u7840\u5185\u7f6e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u5230<strong>\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u6307\u5357<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406 Python 3 \u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001 \u56db\u5927\u57fa\u7840\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u5217\u8868 (List) <code>[]<\/code><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u53ef\u53d8<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6709\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c3e\u90e8\u8ffd\u52a0\/\u5f39\u51fa <code>O(1)<\/code>\uff0c\u5934\u90e8\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664 <code>O(n)<\/code>\uff0c\u6309\u7d22\u5f15\u67e5\u627e <code>O(1)<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a <code>nums = [1, 2, 3] nums.append(4) # \u5c3e\u90e8\u8ffd\u52a0: [1, 2, 3, 4] nums.insert(0, 0) # \u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] nums.pop() # \u5c3e\u90e8\u5f39\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de: 4 nums[1:3] # \u5207\u7247: [1, 2] # \u73b0\u4ee3 Python 3 \u63a8\u8350\uff1a\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f (List Comprehension) squares = [x**2 for x in range(5) if x % 2 == 0] # [0, 4, 16]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u5143\u7ec4 (Tuple) <code>()<\/code><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6709\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7528\u9014<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e (Key)\uff1b\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a <code>point = (10, 20) # point[0] = 15 # \u274c TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment # \u89e3\u5305 (Unpacking) x, y = point print(x, y) # 10 20 # \u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4 (\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587 collections \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u66f4\u63a8\u8350)<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u96c6\u5408 (Set) <code>{}<\/code><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u53ef\u53d8<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u65e0\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u5143\u7d20\u552f\u4e00<\/strong>\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5747\u4e3a <code>O(1)<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a <code>set_a = {1, 2, 3, 4} set_b = {3, 4, 5, 6} set_a.add(5) # \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 set_a.remove(1) # \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 (\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519) set_a.discard(99) # \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 (\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u63a8\u8350) # \u96c6\u5408\u8fd0\u7b97 (\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548) print(set_a &amp; set_b) # \u4ea4\u96c6: {3, 4, 5} print(set_a | set_b) # \u5e76\u96c6: {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} print(set_a - set_b) # \u5dee\u96c6: {2}<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5b57\u5178 (Dictionary) <code>{k: v}<\/code><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u53ef\u53d8<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u952e\u552f\u4e00<\/strong>\u3001<strong>Python 3.7+ \u4fdd\u8bc1\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5e73\u5747\u5747\u4e3a <code>O(1)<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a <code>user = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25} user[\"city\"] = \"Beijing\" # \u6dfb\u52a0\/\u4fee\u6539 age = user.get(\"age\", 18) # \u5b89\u5168\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c 18 # \u904d\u5386 for key, value in user.items(): print(f\"{key}: {value}\") # \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f squared_dict = {x: x**2 for x in range(3)} # {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4}<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001 \u8fdb\u9636\uff1a<code>collections<\/code> \u6a21\u5757 (Python \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u795e\u5668)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u5185\u7f6e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c<code>collections<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <code>deque<\/code> (\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u75db\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1aList \u5728\u5934\u90e8\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664 (<code>insert(0, x)<\/code> \u6216 <code>pop(0)<\/code>) \u662f <code>O(n)<\/code> \u7684\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u6781\u5dee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<code>deque<\/code> \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4e24\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u5747\u4e3a <code>O(1)<\/code>\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u961f\u5217 (Queue)<\/strong> \u6216<strong>\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3<\/strong>\u3002 <code>from collections import deque q = deque([1, 2, 3]) q.append(4) # \u53f3\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0: O(1) q.appendleft(0) # \u5de6\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0: O(1) q.pop() # \u53f3\u7aef\u5f39\u51fa: O(1) q.popleft() # \u5de6\u7aef\u5f39\u51fa: O(1)<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <code>defaultdict<\/code> (\u5e26\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u5178)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u75db\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5178\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa <code>KeyError<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff08\u7531\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09\u3002 <code>from collections import defaultdict # \u7edf\u8ba1\u8bcd\u9891 words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"] freq = defaultdict(int) # int() \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd4\u56de 0 for word in words: freq[word] += 1 # \u65e0\u9700\u68c0\u67e5\u952e\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 print(dict(freq)) # {'apple': 2, 'banana': 1, 'orange': 1} # \u5206\u7ec4 groups = defaultdict(list) groups[\"even\"].append(2) groups[\"odd\"].append(3)<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <code>Counter<\/code> (\u8ba1\u6570\u5668)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7528\u9014<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u662f <code>defaultdict(int)<\/code> \u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u7248\u3002 <code>from collections import Counter text = \"abracadabra\" counts = Counter(text) print(counts) # Counter({'a': 5, 'b': 2, 'r': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 1}) print(counts.most_common(2)) # \u83b7\u53d6\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684 2 \u4e2a: [('a', 5), ('b', 2)]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <code>namedtuple<\/code> (\u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4) \/ \u73b0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee3\uff1a<code>dataclasses<\/code><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7528\u9014<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u5b57\u5178\u66f4\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6bd4\u5143\u7ec4\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002 <code>from collections import namedtuple # \u5b9a\u4e49 Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y']) p = Point(10, 20) print(p.x, p.y) # 10 20 (\u652f\u6301\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee) # p.x = 15 # \u274c \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8<\/code> <em>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Python 3.7+ \u73b0\u4ee3\u63a8\u8350<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u53d8\u6216\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 <code>@dataclass<\/code> (\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5)\u3002<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001 \u7279\u6b8a\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<code>heapq<\/code> (\u5806 \/ \u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684 <code>PriorityQueue<\/code> \u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 <code>heapq<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7684 List \u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u5806<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7528\u9014<\/strong>\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u503c\/\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u3001Top-K \u95ee\u9898\u3001Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d2\u5165 <code>O(log n)<\/code>\uff0c\u5f39\u51fa\u6700\u5c0f\u503c <code>O(log n)<\/code>\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5c0f\u503c <code>O(1)<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">import heapq\n\nnums = [5, 1, 9, 3]\nheapq.heapify(nums)       # \u539f\u5730\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5806: [1, 3, 9, 5]\n\nheapq.heappush(nums, 2)   # \u63d2\u5165\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u6027\u8d28\nsmallest = heapq.heappop(nums) # \u5f39\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u5c0f\u503c: 1\n\n# \u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u7684 N \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\ntop_2 = heapq.nlargest(2, [5, 1, 9, 3]) # [9, 5]<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9009\u62e9\u6307\u5357 (\u51b3\u7b56\u6811)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u4f60\u7684\u9700\u6c42<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u63a8\u8350\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u539f\u56e0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u9700\u8981\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u5728<strong>\u5c3e\u90e8<\/strong>\u589e\u5220<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>list<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5c3e\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c <code>O(1)<\/code>\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u9700\u8981\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u5728<strong>\u4e24\u7aef<\/strong>\u589e\u5220 (\u5982\u961f\u5217)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>collections.deque<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u4e24\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u5747\u4e3a <code>O(1)<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u9700\u8981<strong>\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/strong> (Key-Value \u6620\u5c04)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>dict<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u67e5\u627e <code>O(1)<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20<strong>\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u5206\u7ec4<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>collections.Counter<\/code> \/ <code>defaultdict<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u514d\u53bb\u624b\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u952e\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5143\u7d20<strong>\u552f\u4e00\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\/\u5e76\/\u5dee\u96c6\u8fd0\u7b97<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>set<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u96c6\u5408\u8fd0\u7b97\u6781\u5feb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\/\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/strong>\u96c6\u5408<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>heapq<\/code> (\u57fa\u4e8e list)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5806\u7ed3\u6784\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6781\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>O(log n)<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa<strong>\u7edd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>tuple<\/code> \u6216 <code>frozenset<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c dict \u7684 key<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001 Python 3 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f (Comprehensions)<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 <code>for<\/code> \u5faa\u73af + <code>append<\/code> \u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4 Pythonic\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">   # \u274c \u6162\u4e14\u5570\u55e6\n   res = []\n   for i in range(10):\n       if i % 2 == 0:\n           res.append(i)\n\n   # \u2705 \u5feb\u4e14\u4f18\u96c5\n   res = [i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5584\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (Generator Expressions)<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>()<\/code> \u4ee3\u66ff <code>[]<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5<strong>\u6309\u9700\u751f\u6210<\/strong>\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">   # \u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\uff1a\u7acb\u5373\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e76\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\n   big_list = [x**2 for x in range(1000000)] \n\n   # \u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a\u60f0\u6027\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u6781\u5c0f\n   big_gen = (x**2 for x in range(1000000))\n   print(next(big_gen)) # 0<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528 Type Hints (\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a)<\/strong>\uff1a<br>Python 3.9+ \u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u6cdb\u578b\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u914d\u5408 IDE \u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11 Bug\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">   from typing import List, Dict, Set, Tuple\n\n   def process_data(items: List[int], config: Dict[str, float]) -&gt; Set[str]:\n       # ...\n       pass\n\n   # Python 3.9+ \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\n   def process_data_modern(items: list[int], config: dict[str, float]) -&gt; set[str]:\n       pass<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528 <code>@dataclass<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u6216 namedtuple\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684 <code>__init__<\/code>\u3001<code>__repr__<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">   from dataclasses import dataclass\n\n   @dataclass\n   class User:\n       name: str\n       age: int\n       is_active: bool = True  # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\n\n   u = User(&quot;Alice&quot;, 25)\n   print(u)  # User(name=&#039;Alice&#039;, age=25, is_active=True)<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<strong>\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f18\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u8005 <strong><code>dataclass<\/code> \u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 Python 3 \u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python-3-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78\/revisions\/79"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}