{"id":6,"date":"2026-06-12T18:06:42","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T10:06:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/?p=6"},"modified":"2026-06-12T18:06:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T10:06:42","slug":"python-3-%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/2026\/06\/12\/python-3-%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"Python 3 \u6559\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4e3a\u60a8\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6574\u7406\u7684 <strong>Python 3 \u7b80\u660e\u6559\u7a0b<\/strong>\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b0\u624b\u8fd8\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u6559\u7a0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u7b80\u4ecb\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u3001\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u8bfb\u8457\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u88c5<\/strong>\uff1a\u524d\u5f80 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.python.org\/downloads\/\">Python \u5b98\u7f51<\/a> \u4e0b\u8f7d\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u4e3a Python 3.11 &#8211; 3.13\uff09\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u52a1\u5fc5\u52fe\u9009 <strong>&#8220;Add Python to PATH&#8221;<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b89\u88c5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165 <code>python --version<\/code> \u6216 <code>python3 --version<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63a8\u8350\u7f16\u8f91\u5668<\/strong>\uff1aVS Code, PyCharm, \u6216 Jupyter Notebook\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\nname = \"Alice\"          # \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 (str)\nage = 25                # \u6574\u6570 (int)\nheight = 1.75           # \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 (float)\nis_student = True       # \u5e03\u5c14\u503c (bool)\n\n# \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 (f-string, Python 3.6+)\nprint(f\"\u59d3\u540d: {name}, \u5e74\u9f84: {age}\") <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>a = 10\nb = 3\nprint(a + b)   # \u52a0\u6cd5: 13\nprint(a \/ b)   # \u9664\u6cd5: 3.333...\nprint(a \/\/ b)  # \u6574\u9664: 3\nprint(a % b)   # \u53d6\u4f59: 1\nprint(a ** b)  # \u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97: 1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u63a7\u5236\u6d41<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5 (if\/elif\/else)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>score = 85\nif score &gt;= 90:\n    print(\"\u4f18\u79c0\")\nelif score &gt;= 60:\n    print(\"\u53ca\u683c\")\nelse:\n    print(\"\u4e0d\u53ca\u683c\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u5faa\u73af (for \/ while)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># for \u5faa\u73af (\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217)\nfruits = &#91;\"\u82f9\u679c\", \"\u9999\u8549\", \"\u6a59\u5b50\"]\nfor fruit in fruits:\n    print(fruit)\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528 range()\nfor i in range(3):  # \u8f93\u51fa 0, 1, 2\n    print(i)\n\n# while \u5faa\u73af\ncount = 0\nwhile count &lt; 3:\n    print(f\"\u8ba1\u6570: {count}\")\n    count += 1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d (Python 3.10+)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>command = \"start\"\nmatch command:\n    case \"start\":\n        print(\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\")\n    case \"stop\":\n        print(\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u505c\u6b62\")\n    case _:\n        print(\"\u672a\u77e5\u547d\u4ee4\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u5217\u8868 (List) &#8211; \u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u53ef\u53d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nums = &#91;1, 2, 3, 4]\nnums.append(5)       # \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nprint(nums&#91;0])       # \u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee: 1\nprint(nums&#91;-1])      # \u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a: 5\nprint(nums&#91;1:3])     # \u5207\u7247: &#91;2, 3]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u5143\u7ec4 (Tuple) &#8211; \u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>coordinates = (10, 20)\n# coordinates&#91;0] = 15  # \u8fd9\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u5143\u7ec4\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\nx, y = coordinates     # \u89e3\u5305<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u5b57\u5178 (Dictionary) &#8211; \u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>person = {\"name\": \"Bob\", \"age\": 30}\nprint(person&#91;\"name\"])       # \u8bbf\u95ee: Bob\nperson&#91;\"city\"] = \"Beijing\"  # \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nprint(person.keys())        # \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 \u96c6\u5408 (Set) &#8211; \u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u552f\u4e00<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>unique_nums = {1, 2, 2, 3}  # \u81ea\u52a8\u53bb\u91cd: {1, 2, 3}\nunique_nums.add(4)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def greet(name, greeting=\"Hello\"):\n    \"\"\"\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\"\"\"\n    return f\"{greeting}, {name}!\"\n\nprint(greet(\"Alice\"))\nprint(greet(\"Bob\", greeting=\"Hi\"))\n\n# \u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\ndef sum_all(*args):\n    return sum(args)\nprint(sum_all(1, 2, 3, 4))  # \u8f93\u51fa: 10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import math\nprint(math.sqrt(16))  # \u8f93\u51fa: 4.0\n\nfrom datetime import datetime\nprint(datetime.now())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b (OOP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Dog:\n    # \u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\n    species = \"Canis familiaris\"\n\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5 (\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570)\n    def __init__(self, name, age):\n        self.name = name  # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\n        self.age = age\n\n    # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\n    def bark(self):\n        return f\"{self.name} \u6c6a\u6c6a\u53eb\uff01\"\n\n# \u7ee7\u627f\nclass GoldenRetriever(Dog):\n    def bark(self):\n        return f\"{self.name} \u53d1\u51fa\u4f4e\u6c89\u7684\u6c6a\u6c6a\u58f0\uff01\"\n\nmy_dog = GoldenRetriever(\"Buddy\", 3)\nprint(my_dog.bark())  # \u8f93\u51fa: Buddy \u53d1\u51fa\u4f4e\u6c89\u7684\u6c6a\u6c6a\u58f0\uff01<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1 \u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6 (\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 <code>with<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\nwith open(\"test.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n    f.write(\"Hello, Python 3!\\n\")\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\nwith open(\"test.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n    content = f.read()\n    print(content)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2 \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406 (try\u2026except)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>try:\n    result = 10 \/ 0\nexcept ZeroDivisionError:\n    print(\"\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u9664\u4ee5\u96f6\uff01\")\nexcept Exception as e:\n    print(f\"\u53d1\u751f\u672a\u77e5\u9519\u8bef: {e}\")\nfinally:\n    print(\"\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u8fdb\u9636\u4e0e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86 Python \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5174\u8da3\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7528 <code>venv<\/code> \u6216 <code>conda<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5305\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528 <code>pip install &lt;package_name><\/code> \u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u70ed\u95e8\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Web \u5f00\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1aFastAPI, Django, Flask<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\/\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>\uff1aPandas, NumPy, Matplotlib<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\/\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong>\uff1aPyTorch, TensorFlow, Scikit-learn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\/\u722c\u866b<\/strong>\uff1aRequests, BeautifulSoup, Selenium, Playwright<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4ee3\u7801\u89c4\u8303<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60 PEP 8 \u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>black<\/code> \u6216 <code>ruff<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a (Type Hints, Python 3.5+) \u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u7a0b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f<strong>\u52a8\u624b\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u6253\u5f00\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u9010\u884c\u6572\u4e00\u904d\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53bb <a href=\"https:\/\/leetcode.cn\/\">LeetCode<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.codewars.com\/\">Codewars<\/a> \u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u6765\u5de9\u56fa\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u7528 Python \u5199\u722c\u866b\u201d \u6216 \u201c\u6211\u60f3\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8bf7\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u6559\u7a0b\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4e3a\u60a8\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6574\u7406\u7684 Python 3 \u7b80\u660e\u6559\u7a0b\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b0\u624b\u8fd8\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u6559\u7a0b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python-3-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6\/revisions\/8"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}