{"id":1055,"date":"2025-12-30T16:48:37","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T08:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/?p=1055"},"modified":"2025-12-30T16:48:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T08:48:37","slug":"selenium%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/30\/selenium%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97\/","title":{"rendered":"selenium\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4efd**\u300aSelenium \u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u8bb2 API\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/strong>\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa \u2192 \u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c \u2192 \u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f \u2192 \u53cd\u722c\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 \u2192 \u9879\u76ee\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784**\uff0c\u6309**\u201c\u80fd\u8dd1 + \u80fd\u7528 + \u80fd\u6297\u201d**\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5199\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4f60\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a \u722c\u866b \/ \u81ea\u52a8\u5316 \/ \u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee<\/strong> \u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001Selenium \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u9002\u5408\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

1\ufe0f\u20e3 Selenium \u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Selenium = \u63a7\u5236\u771f\u5b9e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u5b83\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u81ea\u52a8\u70b9\u51fb \/ \u8f93\u5165 \/ \u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u6267\u884c JS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    2\ufe0f\u20e3 Selenium vs Requests<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5bf9\u6bd4<\/th>Requests<\/th>Selenium<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    JS \u6e32\u67d3<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u2705<\/td><\/tr>
    \u6a21\u62df\u70b9\u51fb<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u2705<\/td><\/tr>
    \u767b\u5f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u90e8\u5206\u53ef<\/td><\/tr>
    \u901f\u5ea6<\/td>\u5feb<\/td>\u6162<\/td><\/tr>
    \u53cd\u722c\u8bc6\u522b<\/td>\u4f4e<\/td>\u9ad8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udc49 \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • JS \u91cd\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9 \/ \u767b\u5f55\u6d41\u7a0b \/ \u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d \u2192 Selenium<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u63a5\u53e3\u7a33\u5b9a \u2192 Requests<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      \u4e8c\u3001\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\uff08Python \u5b9e\u6218\uff09<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

      1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5b89\u88c5 Selenium<\/h2>\n\n\n
      \npip install selenium\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udc49 \u63a8\u8350 Selenium 4.x<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5b89\u88c5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u91cd\u70b9\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \u2705 Chrome\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Chrome \u2265 115
        \ud83d\udc49 Selenium 4.10+ \u5df2\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u9a71\u52a8<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u4e0b\u8f7d chromedriver<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a Selenium \u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h2>\n\n\n
        \nfrom selenium import webdriver\n\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome()\ndriver.get("https:\/\/www.baidu.com")\n\nprint(driver.title)\n\ndriver.quit()\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
        \u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668 \u2192 \u73af\u5883 OK \u2705<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        \u4e09\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5fc5\u987b\u61c2\uff09<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
        1\ufe0f\u20e3 WebDriver<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u8d1f\u8d23\uff1a\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u524d\u8fdb\u3001\u540e\u9000\u3001\u5173\u95ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
          \ndriver.get(url)\ndriver.back()\ndriver.refresh()\ndriver.quit()\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          2\ufe0f\u20e3 WebElement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a\n
              \n
            • \u70b9\u51fb<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u8f93\u5165<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c \/ \u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              \u56db\u3001\u5143\u7d20\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0880% \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff09<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
              1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u516b\u79cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u91cd\u70b9\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \u65b9\u5f0f<\/th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
              ID<\/td>By.ID<\/td><\/tr>
              NAME<\/td>By.NAME<\/td><\/tr>
              CLASS<\/td>By.CLASS_NAME<\/td><\/tr>
              TAG<\/td>By.TAG_NAME<\/td><\/tr>
              LINK<\/td>By.LINK_TEXT<\/td><\/tr>
              CSS<\/td>By.CSS_SELECTOR<\/td><\/tr>
              XPATH<\/td>By.XPATH<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u63a8\u8350\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff08\u5b9e\u6218\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              ID > CSS > XPath > \u5176\u4ed6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
              CSS \u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n
              \ndriver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#kw")\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              XPath \u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n
              \ndriver.find_element(By.XPATH, "\/\/input[@id='kw']")\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              3\ufe0f\u20e3 XPath \u5b9e\u6218\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5fc5\u4f1a\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \n\/\/div[@class='item']\n\/\/a[contains(text(),'\u767b\u5f55')]\n\/\/input[starts-with(@id,'user')]\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              \u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5927\u5168<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
              1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u8f93\u5165 & \u70b9\u51fb<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \nel = driver.find_element(By.ID, "kw")\nel.send_keys("selenium")\nel.clear()\n\ndriver.find_element(By.ID, "su").click()\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \nel.text\nel.get_attribute("href")\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u4e0b\u62c9 & \u6eda\u52a8<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \ndriver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)")\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              4\ufe0f\u20e3 iframe \u5207\u6362\uff08\u9ad8\u9891\u5751\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \ndriver.switch_to.frame("iframe_id")\ndriver.switch_to.default_content()\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              5\ufe0f\u20e3 \u65b0\u7a97\u53e3 \/ \u6807\u7b7e\u9875<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \nhandles = driver.window_handles\ndriver.switch_to.window(handles[-1])\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              \u516d\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u673a\u5236\uff08\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff09<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
              \u274c \u7981\u6b62\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528 time.sleep()<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u9690\u5f0f\u7b49\u5f85\uff08\u5168\u5c40\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \ndriver.implicitly_wait(10)\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u663e\u5f0f\u7b49\u5f85\uff08\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n
              \nfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC\n\nWebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(\n    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "kw"))\n)\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \ud83d\udc49 \u5b9e\u6218\u9996\u9009<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              \u4e03\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b 1\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u6293\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c<\/h1>\n\n\n
              \nfrom selenium import webdriver\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\n\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome()\ndriver.get("https:\/\/www.baidu.com")\n\nkw = driver.find_element(By.ID, "kw")\nkw.send_keys("Python Selenium")\nkw.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)\n\ntitles = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "h3")\n\nfor t in titles:\n    print(t.text)\n\ndriver.quit()\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              \u516b\u3001\u53cd\u722c & \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6280\u5de7\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
              1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5e38\u89c1 Selenium \u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u70b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n