{"id":101,"date":"2026-06-14T09:44:42","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T01:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/?p=101"},"modified":"2026-06-14T09:44:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T01:44:42","slug":"python3-%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e5%92%8c%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/2026\/06\/14\/python3-%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e5%92%8c%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"Python3 \u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Python 3 \u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u9519\u8bef\uff08Errors\uff09<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u5f02\u5e38\uff08Exceptions\uff09<\/strong>\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002Python \u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u975e\u5e38\u4f18\u96c5\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9075\u5faa <strong>\u201cEAFP\u201d<\/strong> \u539f\u5219\uff08<em>Easier to Ask for Forgiveness than Permission<\/em>\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5148\u505a\u518d\u9053\u6b49\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u518d\u6355\u83b7\u5904\u7406\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e C\/Java \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u7684 \u201cLBYL\u201d\uff08<em>Look Before You Leap<\/em>\uff0c\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u540e\u6267\u884c\uff09\u98ce\u683c\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u4ece<strong>\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong>\u5230<strong>\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406 Python 3 \u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001 \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<code>try...except<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u653e\u5728 <code>try<\/code> \u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u653e\u5728 <code>except<\/code> \u5757\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><span>11<\/span><span>12<\/span><span>13<\/span><span>14<\/span><span>15<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">try:\n    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\n    result = 10 \/ 0\nexcept ZeroDivisionError:\n    # \u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u53d1\u751f ZeroDivisionError \u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u91cc\n    print(&quot;\u274c \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u9664\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u96f6\uff01&quot;)\nexcept TypeError as e:\n    # \u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\n    print(f&quot;\u274c \u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef: {e}&quot;)\nelse:\n    # \u3010\u53ef\u9009\u3011\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u91cc\n    print(f&quot;\u2705 \u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c: {result}&quot;)\nfinally:\n    # \u3010\u53ef\u9009\u3011\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff09\n    print(&quot;\ud83d\udd1a \u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002&quot;)<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">\u274c \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u9664\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u96f6\uff01\n\ud83d\udd1a \u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001 \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6355\u83b7\u7279\u5b9a\u5f02\u5e38 vs \u901a\u7528\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u63a8\u8350<\/strong>\uff1a\u59cb\u7ec8\u5c3d\u91cf\u6355\u83b7<strong>\u5177\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982 <code>FileNotFoundError<\/code>, <code>KeyError<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8c28\u614e<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u88f8 <code>except:<\/code> \u6216 <code>except Exception:<\/code> \u4f1a\u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63a9\u76d6\u771f\u6b63\u7684 Bug\uff08\u5982\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684 <code>NameError<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><span>11<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># \u274c \u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\ntry:\n    do_something()\nexcept:\n    pass\n\n# \u2705 \u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u53ea\u6355\u83b7\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\ntry:\n    value = my_dict[&quot;key&quot;]\nexcept KeyError:\n    value = &quot;default_value&quot;<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <code>as<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u5e38\u8be6\u60c5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u7528 <code>as e<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf <code>e<\/code>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6253\u5370\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">try:\n    int(&quot;not_a_number&quot;)\nexcept ValueError as e:\n    print(f&quot;\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u503c\u9519\u8bef: {e}&quot;) \n    # \u8f93\u51fa: \u6355\u83b7\u5230\u503c\u9519\u8bef: invalid literal for int() with base 10: &#039;not_a_number&#039;<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <code>else<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\uff1a\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u5e38\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u903b\u8f91<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u559c\u6b22\u628a\u6b63\u5e38\u903b\u8f91\u4e5f\u5199\u5728 <code>try<\/code> \u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u884c\u51fa\u4e86\u9519\u3002<code>else<\/code> \u5757\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u53ea\u6709\u5728 <code>try<\/code> \u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u624d\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <code>finally<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65e0\u8bba\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd8\u662f\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c<code>finally<\/code> \u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">file = None\ntry:\n    file = open(&quot;data.txt&quot;, &quot;r&quot;)\n    content = file.read()\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n    print(&quot;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&quot;)\nfinally:\n    if file:\n        file.close()  # \u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5173\u95ed<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(\u6ce8\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3 Python \u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 <code>with<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001 \u4e3b\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<code>raise<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u901a\u77e5\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><span>11<\/span><span>12<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">def set_age(age):\n    if not isinstance(age, int):\n        raise TypeError(&quot;\u5e74\u9f84\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570&quot;)\n    if age &lt; 0 or age &gt; 150:\n        raise ValueError(&quot;\u5e74\u9f84\u5fc5\u987b\u5728 0 \u5230 150 \u4e4b\u95f4&quot;)\n\n    print(f&quot;\u5e74\u9f84\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a: {age}&quot;)\n\ntry:\n    set_age(-5)\nexcept ValueError as e:\n    print(f&quot;\u8f93\u5165\u65e0\u6548: {e}&quot;)<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7ee7\u627f\u5185\u7f6e\u7684 <code>Exception<\/code> \u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><span>9<\/span><span>10<\/span><span>11<\/span><span>12<\/span><span>13<\/span><span>14<\/span><span>15<\/span><span>16<\/span><span>17<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">class InsufficientFundsError(Exception):\n    &quot;&quot;&quot;\u4f59\u989d\u4e0d\u8db3\u5f02\u5e38&quot;&quot;&quot;\n    def __init__(self, balance, amount):\n        self.balance = balance\n        self.amount = amount\n        super().__init__(f&quot;\u4f59\u989d\u4e0d\u8db3! \u5f53\u524d\u4f59\u989d: {balance}, \u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d6\u6b3e: {amount}&quot;)\n\ndef withdraw(balance, amount):\n    if amount &gt; balance:\n        raise InsufficientFundsError(balance, amount)\n    return balance - amount\n\ntry:\n    withdraw(100, 200)\nexcept InsufficientFundsError as e:\n    print(e) \n    # \u8f93\u51fa: \u4f59\u989d\u4e0d\u8db3! \u5f53\u524d\u4f59\u989d: 100, \u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d6\u6b3e: 200<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001 \u5e38\u89c1\u5185\u7f6e\u5f02\u5e38\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5f02\u5e38\u540d\u79f0<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u89e6\u53d1\u573a\u666f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>SyntaxError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u4ee3\u7801\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab try-except \u6355\u83b7\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>NameError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>TypeError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982 <code>\"1\" + 1<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>ValueError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u4f20\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4f46\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u503c\uff08\u5982 <code>int(\"abc\")<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>IndexError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>KeyError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>FileNotFoundError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>AttributeError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5bf9\u8c61\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>ImportError<\/code> \/ <code>ModuleNotFoundError<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u5931\u8d25<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 <code>with<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5 (Context Manager)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c<code>with<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406 <code>__enter__<\/code> \u548c <code>__exit__<\/code>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u4e5f\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u6bd4 <code>try-finally<\/code> \u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># \u2705 \u63a8\u8350\nwith open(&quot;data.txt&quot;, &quot;r&quot;) as f:\n    content = f.read()\n# \u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u4e0d\u8981\u6ee5\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u6bd4\u666e\u901a <code>if-else<\/code> \u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u907f\u514d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 <code>if<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># \u274c \u6162\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f02\u5e38\ntry:\n    value = my_dict[&quot;key&quot;]\nexcept KeyError:\n    value = &quot;default&quot;\n\n# \u2705 \u5feb\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u68c0\u67e5\nvalue = my_dict.get(&quot;key&quot;, &quot;default&quot;)<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u5f02\u5e38\u94fe (Exception Chaining)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6355\u83b7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u629b\u51fa\u65b0\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>raise ... from ...<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">try:\n    db.connect()\nexcept DatabaseConnectionError as e:\n    raise ApplicationStartupError(&quot;\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25&quot;) from e<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u9ed8\u5ffd\u7565<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u5199\u7a7a\u7684 <code>except<\/code> \u5757\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5728\u65e0\u58f0\u65e0\u606f\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u671f\u6392\u67e5\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chp-code-block chp-theme-github-dark chp-wrap-on\" data-chp-language=\"plaintext\" data-chp-line-start=\"1\" data-chp-highlight=\"\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar\"><div class=\"chp-toolbar-left\"><span class=\"chp-dots\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chp-language-label\">\u7eaf\u6587\u672c<\/span><\/div><div class=\"chp-toolbar-right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"chp-copy-btn\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><svg class=\"chp-icon-copy\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"chp-icon-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display:none;\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M9 16.17L4.83 12l-1.42 1.41L9 19 21 7l-1.41-1.41z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"chp-copy-text\">\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chp-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"chp-line-numbers\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><span>2<\/span><span>3<\/span><span>4<\/span><span>5<\/span><span>6<\/span><span>7<\/span><span>8<\/span><\/div><pre class=\"chp-pre\" style=\"font-size:14px;\"><code class=\"language-plaintext\">import logging\n\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\ntry:\n    process_data()\nexcept Exception as e:\n    logger.error(f&quot;\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8d25: {e}&quot;, exc_info=True) # exc_info=True \u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5806\u6808\u8f68\u8ff9<\/code><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python \u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801<strong>\u5065\u58ee\u4e14\u6613\u8bfb<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u6355\u83b7<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u6355\u83b7\u4f60\u9884\u671f\u5e76\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>\uff1a\u9047\u5230\u975e\u6cd5\u72b6\u6001\u5c3d\u65e9 <code>raise<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8d44\u6e90\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\uff1a\u591a\u7528 <code>with<\/code>\uff0c\u5c11\u7528\u624b\u52a8 <code>close<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u7559\u73b0\u573a<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>from e<\/code> \u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u62a5\u9519\uff08Traceback\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u7ed9\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5e2e\u4f60\u5206\u6790\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fee\u590d\u65b9\u6848\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 Python 3 \u4e2d\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\uff08Errors\uff09\u548c\u5f02&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python-3-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/revisions\/102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52runoob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}